Last data update: Apr 22, 2024. (Total: 46599 publications since 2009)
Records 1-2 (of 2 Records) |
Query Trace: Gladden MR[original query] |
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Notes from the field: Illicit benzodiazepines detected in patients evaluated in emergency departments for suspected opioid overdose - four states, October 6, 2020-March 9, 2021
Aldy K , Mustaquim D , Campleman S , Meyn A , Abston S , Krotulski A , Logan B , Gladden MR , Hughes A , Amaducci A , Shulman J , Schwarz E , Wax P , Brent J , Manini A . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 70 (34) 1177-1179 Illicit benzodiazepines are emerging drugs of abuse that are unlawfully manufactured in laboratories and have clinical side effects and toxicity that are not well understood. Although prescription and illicit benzodiazepines are structurally similar (1), illicit benzodiazepines can have different pharmacological properties; this contributes to concerns about their potential potency and clinical implications (1,2). Simultaneous exposure to both illicit benzodiazepines and opioids increases overdose risk (3). Although naloxone will reverse opioid overdose symptoms, it does not reverse overdoses resulting from nonopioid drugs. Therefore, in cases of co-exposure to opioids and benzodiazepines, including illicit benzodiazepines, symptoms of benzodiazepine intoxication (e.g., profound sedation) are unaffected by naloxone, leading to risk for respiratory failure or death (1). Rapid increases in the forensic and clinical detection of illicit benzodiazepines during 2020 have raised concerns about the drug’s role in overdoses, but clinical descriptions of overdoses caused by illicit benzodiazepine co-exposure are limited (4–6). This report describes the detection of illicit benzodiazepine co-exposures among patients treated in emergency departments (EDs) with suspected opioid overdoses in selected states. |
HIV and childhood sexual violence: implications for sexual risk behaviors and HIV testing in Tanzania
Chiang LF , Chen J , Gladden MR , Mercy JA , Kwesigabo G , Mrisho F , Dahlberg LL , Vagi K , Brookmeyer KA . AIDS Educ Prev 2015 27 (5) 474-87 Prior research has established an association between sexual violence and HIV. Exposure to sexual violence during childhood can profoundly impact brain architecture and stress regulatory response. As a result, individuals who have experienced such trauma may engage in sexual risk-taking behavior and could benefit from targeted interventions. In 2009, nationally representative data were collected on violence against children in Tanzania from 13-24 year old respondents (n = 3,739). Analyses show that females aged 19-24 (n = 579) who experienced childhood sexual violence, were more likely to report no/infrequent condom use in the past 12 months (AOR = 3.0, CI [1.5, 6.1], p = 0.0017) and multiple sex partners in the past 12 months (AOR = 2.3, CI [1.0, 5.1], p = 0.0491), but no more likely to know where to get HIV testing or to have ever been tested. Victims of childhood sexual violence could benefit from targeted interventions to mitigate impacts of violence and prevent HIV. |
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